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’s 1939 text. A reconstructed text of The Grapes of Wrath, based on Gila Bercovitch’s collation of manuscript, typescript, and galleys, was first published in 1996 in Library of America’s The Grapes of Wrath and Other Writings 1936-1941, and is reprinted in the Viking Critical Library edition of The Grapes of Wrath: Text and Criticism, edited by Peter Lisca, with Kevin Hearle (New York: Penguin Books, 1997).

CORRESPONDENCE, INTERVIEWS, ADAPTATIONS, AND PARODIES

Jacobs, Will, and Gerard Jones. “The Beaver of Wrath.” In The Beaver Papers: The Story of the “Lost Season.” New York: Crown Publishers, 1983.

Siegal, Larry. “The Wrath of Grapes.” In MAD Clobbers the Classics. Illus. by Angelo Torres. New York: Warner Books, 1981.

Steinbeck, John. Conversations with John Steinbeck. Thomas Fensch, ed. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 1988.

——— Letters to Elizabeth: A Selection of Letters from John Steinbeck to Elizabeth Otis. Florian J. Shasky and Susan F. Riggs, eds. Foreword by Carlton Sheffield. San Francisco: Book Club of California, 1978.

——— Steinbeck: A Life in Letters. Elaine Steinbeck and Robert Wallsten, eds. New York: The Viking Press, 1975.

——— The Grapes of Wrath. Play script by Frank Galati. New York: Penguin Books, 1991.

BIOGRAPHIES, MEMOIRS, BACKGROUND, AND APPRECIATIONS

Note: An exhaustive chronology of Steinbeck’s life is available in Robert DeMott, ed., Novels 1942-1952 (New York: Library of America, 2001), pp. 949-970. Chief Internet sites devoted to John Steinbeck are (Martha Heasley Cox Center for Steinbeck Studies at San Jose State University), and (National Steinbeck Center, Salinas, California). To review the activities, events, conferences, discussions, and lectures held during 2002, the Steinbeck centennial year celebrating “The Bard of the People” (cosponsored by San Jose’s Center for Steinbeck Studies and New York’s Mercantile Library, and substantially funded by National Endowment for the Humanities), go to and click on “Steinbeck Centennial Web Site.” For information on the California Council for the Humanities project “Reading The Grapes of Wrath,” go to . Susan Shillinglaw and Harold Augenbraum’s How to Organize a Steinbeck Book or Film Discussion Group (2002), a jointly published booklet, is available from the Center for Steinbeck Studies and Mercantile Library. Penguin Books and the Great Books Foundation have partnered to offer a discussion guide to The Grapes of Wrath.

Astro, Richard. John Steinbeck and Edward F. Ricketts: The Shaping of a Novelist. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1974.

Benson, Jackson J. The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer. New York: The Viking Press, 1984.

——— Looking for Steinbeck’s Ghost. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1988.

DeMott, Robert. Steinbeck’s Reading: A Catalogue of Books Owned and Borrowed. New York: Garland Publishing, 1984.

Fensch, Thomas. Steinbeck and Covici: The Story of a Friendship. Middle-bury, VT: Paul S. Eriksson, 1979.

——— ed. Top Secret: The FBI Files on John Steinbeck. Santa Teresa, NM: New Century Books, 2002.

George, Stephen K., ed. John Steinbeck: A Centennial Tribute. Westport, CT: Praeger 2002.

Harmon, Robert B. John Steinbeck: An Annotated Guide to Biographical Sources. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 1996.

Keisman, Anne. “The Steinbeck Centennial.” In Dictionary of Literary Biography. Yearbook: 2002. Matthew J. Bruccoli, George Garrett, George Parker Anderson, eds. Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2003, 473-6.

Lorentz, Pare. FDR’s Moviemaker: Memoirs and Scripts. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 1992.

Lynch, Audry, ed. Steinbeck Remembered: Interviews with Friends and Acquaintances of John Steinbeck. Santa Barbara, CA: Fithian Press, 2000.

Parini, Jay. John Steinbeck: A Biography. New York: Henry Holt, 1995.

Rodger, Katharine A., ed. Renaissance Man of Cannery Row: The Life and Letters of Edward F. Ricketts. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2002.